Window construction



Jam 19, 1954 A. KAUFMAN ET AL 2,666,235

WLNDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed March 24, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS ,06f/.er AwFM/m/ 0a/5 40PM/MK z BY ATTORNEY Jan. 19, 1954 A. KAUFMAN l-:T AL

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 24, 1953 INVENTORS 455er /a/-M/M/ 0a/.5' @ww/,4N BY u( W ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 19, 1954 WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Albert Kaufman and Louis Kaufman, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Application March 24, 1953, Serial No. 344,305

Claims. (Cl. 20-49) dow sashes to permit convenient ventilation and cleaning or the window panes entirely from the interior of the building in which the window constructions are installed, l

It is the object or the present invention to provide a Window construction embodying one or more slida-ble and swingable window sashes which is characterized by a high degree of ruggedness and simplicity as well as economy in cost.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a window construction embodying slidable and horizontally swingable window sashes which are tted with pivotal joints or hinges for the latter, which hinges are fully exposed and unobtrusive in appearance, and which permit adjustments of the pivotal joints tobe made quickly and easily to attain whatever frictional resistance may be required in the joints in dependence upon the weights of the window sashes, the air currents operating thereon, or other variable factors.

It is a further object of the invention to provide pivotal joints for slidable window sashes composed of relatively few parts of simple hardware which may be stamped from sheet metal and fiber, and processed at a low cost preliminary to their assembly in the window construction. The pivotal joint in addition provides a limit stop for the Window sash so that it may not turn more than 90 from its vertical position when the same is rotated for either purposes of ventilation or cleaning. Other objects and purposes will appear from the detailed description of the invention following hereinafter, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. l is a front elevation of the window construction in accordance with the invention,

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional View along the median line of the window construction showing the upper window sash in partly lowered position and the lower window sash in partly raised position,

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view of the right stile of the window shown in Fig. l, on an enlarged scale,

Fig. 4 is a left end view of the right stile of the window shown in Fig. l with only the hardware parts being shown, in the interest of clarity,

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view along line 5-5 of Fig. 4,

Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view along line 6 6 of Fig. 4, and

Fig. 7 is an exploded perspective view showing 2 the component parts of the pivotal joint on the lower right side of the lower window sash,

In the drawings, is shown a window frame F which may be of wood or metal construction in which is disposed a lower sash l and upper sash 2 and which may be provided with the conventional companion members of a locking device 3 on the meeting rails of the two window sashes. The sashes I and 2 may likewise be of wood or metal and may have multiple panes or a single pane. Guidewa-ys are provided in the opposite stiles of the window frame for the purpose of facilitating the vertical reciprocating movements of the window sashes i and 2, and th-ese guideways are defined by outer retaining strips 1i, inner reu taining strips 5 and intermediate parting strips 6. The construction on each side of the window is congruous with respect to the opposite side and therefore the arrangement on only one side will be described in the interest of simplicity.

In addition to the vertical movements of the sashes l and 2 in the guideways provided in the opposite stiles of the window frame, the sashes are capable of pivotal or swingable movements inwardly about horizontal axes, in order to permit the cleaning of both faces of the window panes in the sashes from the interior of the building in which the window constructions are installed. In addition, the controlled tilting of both the upper and lower window sashes enables a convenient control of the Ventilating effects upon the interior of the room. Therefore, pivotal joints H at the opposite bottom ends of the lower sash I and pivotal joints H at the opposite bottom ends of sash 2 enable the swinging of the sashes in a clockwise direction as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2.

Window constructions of the type generally described above and shown in the drawings have been known for many years and such constructions are exemplied by the structure shown in the U. S. Patent to Wight et al., No. 1,658,317, February 7, 1928. The instant invention seeks to implify such structural assemblies known heretoore.

On each side of the Window, the guideway for the upper window sash, between the strips 4 and 6, as well as the guideway 'l for the lower window sash, between the strips 5 and 6, are sheathed or lined with an integral sheet metal member C which also bridges the parting strip 6. This sheet metal member C is maintained Within the guideways of the stile by a block 9 of limited length in guideway l and by a similar block I0 in guideway 8, through which extend fastening screws Il in order to clamp the channel C into the guideways of the window stile. In View of the fact that channel C is of greater depth for guideway l than for guideway 8, for the reason that the lower window sash I is Wider than the upper window sash, a backing strip l is provided in guideway 8 between the exterior of the channel and the stile wall in order to compensate for the variation in depth of the two guideways in channel C.

A sheet metal slide I2 extending substantially for the full length of the upper window sash is adapted to be sprung into each guideway 8 and is formed with a re-entrant liange I4 Hat its Vexposed part as well as with terminal flanges I3 at its concealed portion which engage behind slots in the fastening block I0 to positively re tain the metal slide I2 within the guideway 8 as the same executes its vertical reciprocating movements. The flange I4 is provided vfor the purpose of affording a weather stripping joint with the metal edging 52 afiixed to the side of the Window sash 2 when the window sash is coincident with the slide I2 for reciprocal up-anddown movement, rThe edging 52 joins with a front flange 53 at the front of the window sash.

Similarly a slide i3 for the lower window sash is formed by sheet metal channel having the Weather stripping ilange i5 at its exposed portion and retaining flanges Il at its concealed portion for engagement behind slots formed in the fastening strip 9 provided in the guideway l. The perspective view of slide I3 in Fig. '7 clearly illustrates the formation of both slides I2 and I 3 which extend substantially for the height of each window sash on the opposite sides thereof and which normally travel therewith in the course of raising and lowering each window sash to any desired extent as indicated in Fig. 2.

The window in accordance with the instant invention presents a simplified construction by virtue of the elimination of any need for sash weights for counterbalancing purposes, since the resiliency of the sliding channels I2 and I3 and particularly the frictional force arising from the pressure of the front and rear walls i3d, and I3b against the adjacent walls 0f the metal lined guideways I and 3 effects a frictional hold of each window sash within its guideways so that they remain in any set position, without the need for any counterbalancing weights or springs.

The lower window sash is' provided on its op* posite vertical sides with a rect-angular edging having front portion 33 extending along the front of the window and a lateral portion 3'2 extending along the edge of the window sash for its entire extent, and this edging is maintained in integrated condition with the window sash by means of fastening screws 34 extending through stamped openingsl 32 at displaced points along the lateral wall 32 of the metal edging. it is desirable that the lateral wall of the sheet metal edge 32 of the window sash and the contacting. face of the slide I3 adjacent thereto be maintained in closely iitting engagement in order to exclude the entry of air currents into the interior of the building. This weather-sealing function is assisted by the we'atherestrippi'ng flange i5 which forms the groove I9 at the end of the face i3 of the slide, which groove accom modates therein the terminal edge of the lat-eral strip 32 as shown -in Fig. 3. At the Vsame time, the window sash may be swung 'forwardly of the flange l5 when it is desired to do so as clearly shown in Fig. 4, for the full extent of 90 shown in full lines and in an intermediate position as indicated 'by dotted lines, A simple exposed hinge joint is provided at each side in order to permit the pivotal movement of the window sash relative to the slide members IS, and is composed of relatively few parts of strap metal of about le thickness, all of which are illustrated in Fig. 7.

Since it is essential that the contacting surfaces between the sheet metal slide 3 and the sheet metal edging 32 on the lateral wall of the Vwindow sash he perfectly smooth, the pivotal joint between these two parts includes a J-shaped sheet metal lug having a long arm with component parts 2E and 26. The terminal portion 25 oi the lug extends through a slot 2l in the front wall of the channel I3 so that the edge of the J-shaped member may come to rest against the rear wall I3b of the channel member I3. The slot 2l is formed near the lower end of the slide, the bottom edge of which is sloped to correspond to the inclination of the sill S of the window. If desired, shoulders 25a are defined at the break between the parts 25 and E@ so that these may come to rest against the forward wall of the slide, above and below the slot 2i to limit the inward movement of the lug. The short arm of the J-shaped lug El is short enough to clear the front wall of the slide I3 so that the same does not interfere with the insertion of the lug into the interior of the slide i3.

A. plurality of openings E3 are punched in the slide in alignment with openings 23 in the part 25 of the lug, and both sets of openings are countersunk to receive rivets 2Q with iiat heads which are upset on the opposite ends at 2li yon the inside of the slide remote from the exposed contacting face thereof, so that the lug and the slide are maintained in rigid relationship without aiiecting the smooth character of the exposed face of the slide I3.

Similarly, a plane sheet metal lug 3&5 which may be provided with offset shoulders 39 is adapted to be integrated with the sheet metal edging 32 by passing the lug -38 through opening 3l in the front portion 33 and by punching openings 35 in the lateral wall 32 with aligned open'- ings 36 in the plate 33 for the purpose of receiving rivets 38. The flat-headed rivets 39 are upset at the end of the plate adjacent to the window frame so that the protuberances may accommodate themselves in the metal or wood of the Window sash without diiculty, leaving the exposed contacting face of the sheet metal edging perfectly smooth in View of the countersu-nk disposition of the rivets 33 into the correspondingly countersunk punched openings 35 and t.

Now that the slide I3 ispprovided with a for- Wardly extending J-shaped lug and the lower window sash is provided `with a plane sheet metal lug extending forwardly therefrom, the latter is mated with the vformer as shown clearly the plan view of Fig. 3. Special apertured fiber washers 3I are disposed on the opposite sides of the lug 38 and intermediate the long and short legs of the J-shaped lug 25 and 37 respectively. The plane metal lug 38 is provided with circular open-h ing 38' in alignment with openings 26 in leg 26 and 21 in leg 2li, and likewise circular openings 31 are formed in the washers 3l, all of which are aligned in order to accommodate a bolt assembly 29 having a shallow hea'd 35i for extension through the several openings lfor the purpose of maintaining them iin a v'i'xed `engagement, which may be easily adjusted from time to time. Preferably, the circular openings 26 for the pivotal movement of the sash, limitingy such rotation to an angle of 90.

The washers in accordance with the present invention are formed of special materials in order to impart a desired degree of compressibility thereto without aiecting the smooth surfacing thereof so that the pivotal lmovements may be effected over long periods of time Without destroying the tightness of the joint. These washers are known as natural grade C canvas Lamitex washers which are fabricated from canvas impregnated and pressed with' ureaformaldehyde resins to attain a product of the Formica type. The areas of these washers are substantial in order to attain ythe necessary frictional forces and are preferably formed of le" thickness with an outside diameter of 1%, having an inside diameter-of 0.382 in order to enable the same to be slipped over a 3/8 diameter bolt. V'Ihe diameter` bolts may be long with y#24 threading at the end, and are provided withV a special hexagon head of only 1/8 depth and the whole of which is cadmium plated.

The construction of the pivotal joint for the upper window sash is similar to the assembly described above with the exception that the J-shaped sheet metal lug extends downwardly from the corresponding slide l2 as shown in Fig. 6, rather than forwardly therefrom. The long arm 4l Vof the lug is provided with opening 4I and the short arm of the lug 42 is provided with opening 42 for the extension of the bolt 46 therethrough for threading engagement With the threads in opening 42', which is thickened at its outer margin. The plane sheet metal lug 58, having an aperture 58', is affixed to the inner face of the sheet metal edging 52 of the upper window sash by means of a plurality of rivets 59 (Fig. 4). The long arm 4I of the J-shaped lug is fastened to the inner face of the slide I2 by means of rivets 50 which are countersunk in the aligned openings in the slide l2 and in the long arm 4l, which rivets are upset at 5I in the remote part of the slide. Washers 41 having apertures 4l', similar to washers 3l, are disposed on the opposite sides of lug 58 between arms 4I and 42, and the whole assembly is maintained in integrated condition by adjustably tightening the clamping of the lug 58 and washers 4l between arms 4I and 42 by means of bolt 43. n

The slide l2 on each side of the window sash may be lowered to a level slightly above the pivots I-I so that the upper Window sash may be rocked forwardly to any desired extent by disengaging the window sash from its corresponding slides l2 in the opposite stiles. In the case of the hinges I-I, the base 48 of the lug between arms 4l and 42, limits the rotary movement of the sash 2 to 90.

It is a simple matter to adjust either the boltheads 30 of the pivot assemblies H, or the boltheads 46 of the pivot asesmblies H in order to vary the degree of tightness of the pivotal joints, this operation being very simple. In view of the smoothness of the ber washers, the degree of the tightness of the pivotal joints does not vary 6T :despite the repeated rotary movements of the window sashes.

While we have described our invention as embodied in specific forms and as operating in specific manners for purpose of illustration, it should be understood that we do not limit our inventionr thereto, since various modifications will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of our invention, the Ascope of which is set forth in the annexed claims.

We claim:

1. In a window construction wherein awindow sash is slidablek in a frame and swingable inwardly for cleaning and Ventilating purposes, a sheet metal slide mounted for reciprocating movement within the frame, a window sash fitted With a sheet metal edging pivotally mounted to said slide at the lower end thereof with the adjacent contacting faces of said sheet metal slide and said sheet metal edging being in close frictional engagement for weather-sealing purposes, and a pivoted joint between said slide and said edging comprising a J-shaped sheet metal Alug having its long arm aiixed to the face of said slide remote from its contacting face, a cooperating plane sheet metal lug affixed to the face of said edging remote from its contacting face and projecting therefrom into the base of said J- shaped lug, aligned openings in said two lugs, a pair of smooth compressible apertured washers on opposite sides of said plane lug, and a bolt assembly extending through said openings for vmaintaining said lugs and washers in integrated condition to effect the longitudinal compression of the pivoted joint which remains unaffected by thepivotal movements of said sash relative to said slide.

2. In a window construction wherein a window sash is slidable in a frame and swingable inwardly for cleaning and Ventilating purposes, a

' pair of sheet metal slides mounted lfor reciprocating movement within the opposite sides of said frame, a Window sash of a heighth substantially co-extensive with said slides, fitted with a sheet metal edging pivotally mounted to the opposed slides at the lower ends thereof with the adjacent contacting faces of said sheet metal slides and said sheet metal edgngs being in close frictional engagement for weather-sealing purposes, a pivoted joint between each slide and its respective edging comprising a J-shaped sheet metal lug having its long arm riveted to the face of said slide remote from its contacting face by means of rivets having countersunk heads within said last-mentioned face and upset ends adjacent to said long arm, a cooperating plane sheet metal lug riveted to the face of said edging remote from its contacting face and projecting therefrom into the base of said J-shaped lug, by means of rivets having countersunk heads within said lastmentioned face and upset ends adjacent to said window sash, aligned openings in the respective sets of J -shaped and plane lugs, a pair of smooth compressible apertured washers on opposite sides of each plane lug, and a bolt assembly extending through each set of openings for maintaining said lugs and washers in integrated condition to effect the longitudinal compression of the pivoted joint which remains unaffected by the pivotal movements of said sash relative to said slide.

3. .A device as set forth in claim 2 wherein the edges of the J-shaped lugs provide stops for the pivotal movements of said plane lugs to limit the possible relative movement therebetween to approximately 96.

Li. In a window constructionwhereina win dow sash is sli-labio in a frame and swingable lnwardly for cleaning and Ventilating purposes, a pair of sheet metal slides mounted forl reoiprocating movement within the opposite Sides of said traine, a window sash fitted with asheet metal edging on its opposite sides and pivotally mounted to the respective slide 'at the lower end thereof with the adjacent contacting faces of said sheet metal slide and said sheet metal edging being in close frictional engagement for weather-sealing purposes, a pivoted joint between each slide and its respective edging comprising a J-shaped sheet meta-l lug having its long arm riveted to the face of said slide remote from its contacting face, a cooperating plane sheet metal lug riveted to the face of said lastementioned edging remote from its contacting face and projecting therefrom into the base of said J-shaped lug, aligned openings in the respective sets of J-shaped and plane lugs, a pair of smooth compressible apertured washers on opposite sides of each plane lug, and a bolt extending through the opening in one arm of each J -shaped lug and threadedly engaging the aligned opening in the opposite arm of said lastmentioned lug, for maintaining said lugs and washers in integrated condition to effect the longitudinal compression of the opposed pivoted joints without hindering the pivotal movements of said sash relative to said slide.

5. A window construction comprising upper and lower sashes slidable in a frame and swingable inwardly about horizontal axes for cleaning and Ventilating purposes, two pairs of sheet metal slides mounted for reciprocating movement within the frame, one pair for carrying the upper sash and the second pair for carrying the lower sash, each window sash being fitted with a sheet metal edging on its opposite sides and pivotally 8., mounted to the respective slide at the lower end thereof with the adjacent contacting faces of said sheet metal slide and said sheet metal edging being in close frictional engagement for weathersealing purposes, a pivoted joint between each slide of said upper sash and its respective edging comprising a J -shaped sheet metal lug having its long arm affixed tothe face of said slide remote from its contacting face, and extending from the lower end thereof, a cooperating plane sheet metal lug affixed to the face of said last-mentioned edging remotefrom its contacting face and projecting from the lower end thereof into the base of said J-shaped lug, a pivoted joint between each slide of said lower sash and its respective edging comprising a J-shaped sheet metal lug having its long arm axed to the face of said slide remote from its contacting face, and extending forwardly of the slide near the lower end thereof, a cooperating plane sheet metal lug aixed to the face of said last-mentioned edging remote from its contacting face and projecting forwardly of the sash near the lower end thereof into the base of said last-mentioned J-shaped lug, aligned openings in the respective sets of J-shaped and plane lugs, a pair of smooth compressible apertured washers on opposite sides of each plane lug, and a bolt extending through the opening in one arm of each J shaped lug and threadedly engaging the aligned opening in the opposite arm of said last-mentioned lug for maintaining said lugs and washers in integrated condition to effect the longitudinal compression of the pivoted joint without hindering the pivotal movements of said upper and lower sashes relative to said slides.

.ALBERT KAUFMAN. LOUIS KAUFMAN.

No references cited. 

